********************
* IMPERIAL RULE, THE IMPOSITION OF BUREAUCRATIC INSTITUTIONS, AND THEIR LONG-TERM LEGACIES
* WORLD POLITICS, VOL. 71, NO. 4 (OCTOBER 2019)
* REPLICATION FILE OF THE GRAPHS IN THE ARTICLE AND IN THE APPENDIX
* JAN P. VOGLER
********************

********************
* PRUSSIA / RUSSIA COMPARISON
********************

clear

import delimited "C:\Users\mail\OneDrive\Documents\Working Papers\Bureaucracy RDD\Data-Pol-Replication\pol_01_pr_ru.csv", encoding(UTF-8)

drop if ger1918 == 1

replace ln_empl_po = "." if ln_empl_po == "NA"
replace ln_app_job = "." if ln_app_job == "NA"
replace advert = "." if advert == "NA"

destring ln_empl_po, replace
destring ln_app_job, replace
destring advert, replace



* PR/RU: EMPL. / POP.

twoway (lfitci ln_empl_po dist_pr_ru if dist_pr_ru<0) (lfitci ln_empl_po dist_pr_ru if dist_pr_ru>0) (scatter ln_empl_po dist_pr_ru, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Prussia/Russia Comparison: Empl./Pop. (Log.)") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Prussia (Left) / Russia (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(-135, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5)) xline(135, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))

twoway (lfitci ln_empl_po dist_pr_ru if dist_pr_ru<0 & dist_pr_ru>-135) (lfitci ln_empl_po dist_pr_ru if dist_pr_ru>0 & dist_pr_ru<135) (scatter ln_empl_po dist_pr_ru, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Prussia/Russia Comparison: Empl./Pop. (Log.)") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Prussia (Left) / Russia (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(-135, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5)) xline(135, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))

twoway (qfitci ln_empl_po dist_pr_ru if dist_pr_ru<0 & dist_pr_ru>-135) (qfitci ln_empl_po dist_pr_ru if dist_pr_ru>0 & dist_pr_ru<135) (scatter ln_empl_po dist_pr_ru, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Prussia/Russia Comparison: Empl./Pop. (Log.)") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Prussia (Left) / Russia (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(-135, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5)) xline(135, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))



* PR/RU: APP. / JOB

twoway (lfitci ln_app_job dist_pr_ru if dist_pr_ru<0) (lfitci ln_app_job dist_pr_ru if dist_pr_ru>0) (scatter ln_app_job dist_pr_ru, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Prussia/Russia Comparison: App./Job (Log.)") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Prussia (Left) / Russia (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(-155, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5)) xline(155, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))

twoway (lfitci ln_app_job dist_pr_ru if dist_pr_ru<0 & dist_pr_ru>-155) (lfitci ln_app_job dist_pr_ru if dist_pr_ru>0 & dist_pr_ru<155) (scatter ln_app_job dist_pr_ru, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Prussia/Russia Comparison: App./Job (Log.)") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Prussia (Left) / Russia (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(-155, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5)) xline(155, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))

twoway (qfitci ln_app_job dist_pr_ru if dist_pr_ru<0 & dist_pr_ru>-155) (qfitci ln_app_job dist_pr_ru if dist_pr_ru>0 & dist_pr_ru<155) (scatter ln_app_job dist_pr_ru, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Prussia/Russia Comparison: App./Job (Log.)") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Prussia (Left) / Russia (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(-155, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5)) xline(155, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))



* PR/RU: ADVERT.

twoway (lfitci advert dist_pr_ru if dist_pr_ru<0) (lfitci advert dist_pr_ru if dist_pr_ru>0) (scatter advert dist_pr_ru, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Prussia/Russia Comparison: Advert. Chan.") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Prussia (Left) / Russia (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(260, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))

twoway (lfitci advert dist_pr_ru if dist_pr_ru<0 & dist_pr_ru>-260) (lfitci advert dist_pr_ru if dist_pr_ru>0 & dist_pr_ru<260) (scatter advert dist_pr_ru, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Prussia/Russia Comparison: Advert. Chan.") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Prussia (Left) / Russia (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(260, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))

twoway (qfitci advert dist_pr_ru if dist_pr_ru<0 & dist_pr_ru>-260) (qfitci advert dist_pr_ru if dist_pr_ru>0 & dist_pr_ru<260) (scatter advert dist_pr_ru, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Prussia/Russia Comparison: Advert. Chan.") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Prussia (Left) / Russia (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(260, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))



********************
* AUSTRIA / RUSSIA COMPARISON
********************

clear

import delimited "C:\Users\mail\OneDrive\Documents\Working Papers\Bureaucracy RDD\Data-Pol-Replication\pol_02_au_ru.csv", encoding(UTF-8)

replace ln_empl_po = "." if ln_empl_po == "NA"
replace ln_app_job = "." if ln_app_job == "NA"
replace advert = "." if advert == "NA"

destring ln_empl_po, replace
destring ln_app_job, replace
destring advert, replace



* AU/RU: EMPL. / POP.

twoway (lfitci ln_empl_po dist_au_ru if dist_au_ru<0) (lfitci ln_empl_po dist_au_ru if dist_au_ru>0) (scatter ln_empl_po dist_au_ru, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Austria/Russia Comparison: Empl./Pop. (Log.)") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Austria (Left) / Russia (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(-65, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5)) xline(65, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))

twoway (lfitci ln_empl_po dist_au_ru if dist_au_ru<0 & dist_au_ru>-65) (lfitci ln_empl_po dist_au_ru if dist_au_ru>0 & dist_au_ru<65) (scatter ln_empl_po dist_au_ru, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Austria/Russia Comparison: Empl./Pop. (Log.)") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Austria (Left) / Russia (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(-65, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5)) xline(65, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))

twoway (qfitci ln_empl_po dist_au_ru if dist_au_ru<0 & dist_au_ru>-65) (qfitci ln_empl_po dist_au_ru if dist_au_ru>0 & dist_au_ru<65) (scatter ln_empl_po dist_au_ru, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Austria/Russia Comparison: Empl./Pop. (Log.)") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Austria (Left) / Russia (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(-65, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5)) xline(65, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))



* AU/RU: APP. / JOB

twoway (lfitci ln_app_job dist_au_ru if dist_au_ru<0) (lfitci ln_app_job dist_au_ru if dist_au_ru>0) (scatter ln_app_job dist_au_ru, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Austria/Russia Comparison: App./Job (Log.)") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Austria (Left) / Russia (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(170, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))

twoway (lfitci ln_app_job dist_au_ru if dist_au_ru<0 & dist_au_ru>-170) (lfitci ln_app_job dist_au_ru if dist_au_ru>0 & dist_au_ru<170) (scatter ln_app_job dist_au_ru, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Austria/Russia Comparison: App./Job (Log.)") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Austria (Left) / Russia (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(170, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))

twoway (qfitci ln_app_job dist_au_ru if dist_au_ru<0 & dist_au_ru>-170) (qfitci ln_app_job dist_au_ru if dist_au_ru>0 & dist_au_ru<170) (scatter ln_app_job dist_au_ru, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Austria/Russia Comparison: App./Job (Log.)") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Austria (Left) / Russia (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(170, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))



* AU/RU: ADVERT.

twoway (lfitci advert dist_au_ru if dist_au_ru<0) (lfitci advert dist_au_ru if dist_au_ru>0) (scatter advert dist_au_ru, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Austria/Russia Comparison: Advert. Chan.") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Austria (Left) / Russia (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(-110, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5)) xline(110, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))

twoway (lfitci advert dist_au_ru if dist_au_ru<0 & dist_au_ru>-110) (lfitci advert dist_au_ru if dist_au_ru>0 & dist_au_ru<110) (scatter advert dist_au_ru, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Austria/Russia Comparison: Advert. Chan.") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Austria (Left) / Russia (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(-110, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5)) xline(110, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))

twoway (qfitci advert dist_au_ru if dist_au_ru<0 & dist_au_ru>-110) (qfitci advert dist_au_ru if dist_au_ru>0 & dist_au_ru<110) (scatter advert dist_au_ru, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Austria/Russia Comparison: Advert. Chan.") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Austria (Left) / Russia (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(-110, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5)) xline(110, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))



********************
* PRUSSIA / AUSTRIA COMPARISON
********************

clear

import delimited "C:\Users\mail\OneDrive\Documents\Working Papers\Bureaucracy RDD\Data-Pol-Replication\pol_03_pr_au.csv", encoding(UTF-8)

drop if ger1918 == 1

replace ln_empl_po = "." if ln_empl_po == "NA"
replace ln_app_job = "." if ln_app_job == "NA"
replace advert = "." if advert == "NA"

destring ln_empl_po, replace
destring ln_app_job, replace
destring advert, replace



* PR/AU: EMPL. / POP.

twoway (lfitci ln_empl_po dist_pr_au if dist_pr_au<0) (lfitci ln_empl_po dist_pr_au if dist_pr_au>0) (scatter ln_empl_po dist_pr_au, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Prussia/Austria Comparison: Empl./Pop. (Log.)") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Prussia (Left) / Austria (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(-200, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5)) xline(200, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))

twoway (lfitci ln_empl_po dist_pr_au if dist_pr_au<0 & dist_pr_au>-200) (lfitci ln_empl_po dist_pr_au if dist_pr_au>0 & dist_pr_au<200) (scatter ln_empl_po dist_pr_au, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Prussia/Austria Comparison: Empl./Pop. (Log.)") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Prussia (Left) / Austria (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(-200, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5)) xline(200, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))

twoway (qfitci ln_empl_po dist_pr_au if dist_pr_au<0 & dist_pr_au>-200) (qfitci ln_empl_po dist_pr_au if dist_pr_au>0 & dist_pr_au<200) (scatter ln_empl_po dist_pr_au, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Prussia/Austria Comparison: Empl./Pop. (Log.)") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Prussia (Left) / Austria (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(-200, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5)) xline(200, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))



* PR/AU: APP. / JOB

twoway (lfitci ln_app_job dist_pr_au if dist_pr_au<0) (lfitci ln_app_job dist_pr_au if dist_pr_au>0) (scatter ln_app_job dist_pr_au, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Prussia/Austria Comparison: App./Job (Log.)") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Prussia (Left) / Austria (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(-291, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5)) xline(291, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))

twoway (lfitci ln_app_job dist_pr_au if dist_pr_au<0 & dist_pr_au>-291) (lfitci ln_app_job dist_pr_au if dist_pr_au>0 & dist_pr_au<291) (scatter ln_app_job dist_pr_au, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Prussia/Austria Comparison: App./Job (Log.)") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Prussia (Left) / Austria (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(-291, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5)) xline(291, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))

twoway (qfitci ln_app_job dist_pr_au if dist_pr_au<0 & dist_pr_au>-291) (qfitci ln_app_job dist_pr_au if dist_pr_au>0 & dist_pr_au<291) (scatter ln_app_job dist_pr_au, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Prussia/Austria Comparison: App./Job (Log.)") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Prussia (Left) / Austria (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(-291, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5)) xline(291, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))



* PR/AU: ADVERT.

twoway (lfitci advert dist_pr_au if dist_pr_au<0) (lfitci advert dist_pr_au if dist_pr_au>0) (scatter advert dist_pr_au, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Prussia/Austria Comparison: Advert. Chan.") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Prussia (Left) / Austria (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(-257, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5)) xline(257, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))

twoway (lfitci advert dist_pr_au if dist_pr_au<0 & dist_pr_au>-257) (lfitci advert dist_pr_au if dist_pr_au>0 & dist_pr_au<257) (scatter advert dist_pr_au, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Prussia/Austria Comparison: Advert. Chan.") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Prussia (Left) / Austria (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(-257, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5)) xline(257, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))

twoway (qfitci advert dist_pr_au if dist_pr_au<0 & dist_pr_au>-257) (qfitci advert dist_pr_au if dist_pr_au>0 & dist_pr_au<257) (scatter advert dist_pr_au, msize(tiny) mcolor(black) title("Prussia/Austria Comparison: Advert. Chan.") msize(tiny) xtitle("Distance to Border: Prussia (Left) / Austria (Right) (Vert. Dash. Lines = Opt. Bandw.)") leg(off)), xline(0, lcolor(red)) xline(-257, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5)) xline(257, lcolor(orange) lpattern(dash_dot) lwidth(0.5))


